Ancient Skulls India: Recreating Faces from 2,500-Year-Old Remains in Tamil Nadu
The facial reconstruction of a 2,500-year-old skull excavated at Kondagai
Discover how researchers recreated faces from ancient skulls India found in Kondagai, revealing insights into early South Indian civilization. Explore the history and science behind it.
Researchers Recreate Faces from Ancient Skulls India
Ancient skulls India have always sparked curiosity. People want to know about our past. Now, scientists have brought two faces back to life. These faces come from skulls that are 2,500 years old. They were found in India. This story starts in a small lab in Tamil Nadu. Researchers there used a tiny drill on an old tooth. The tooth came from one of the skulls. They did this to learn more about ancient people.
Burial urns at Kondagai have been found to contain human remains and goods
The skulls belong to men. They were dug up from Kondagai. This place is a burial site. It is near Keeladi. Keeladi is an important dig site. It has become a hot topic in India. Some say it shows an old city from 580 BC. This changes how we think about India’s history. For a long time, people talked only about the Indus Valley in the north. But now, Keeladi points to a city in the south too.
Archaeologists from Tamil Nadu say Keeladi had smart people. They could read and write. They made things and traded far away. They lived in houses made of bricks. When they died, they were buried in big urns. These urns had food and pots inside. So far, diggers have found about 50 urns.
At Madurai Kamaraj University, experts are looking at bones from these urns. They pull out DNA. This helps them know who these people were. What did they eat? How did they live? Professor G Kumaresan leads this work. He says, “We want to know our roots. How did our ancestors move here?” This is a big question. It is about who we are today.
The faces from the ancient skulls India give some answers. They look like old South Indians. These were the first people in the area. But there are hints of other groups too. Like from the Middle East and Asia. This shows people mixed long ago. However, more tests are needed. DNA work is hard. The bones are old and broken.
A researcher at work at the ancient DNA lab in Madurai Kamaraj University
To make the faces, they started with 3D scans. These scans went to Face Lab in the UK. It is at Liverpool John Moores University. Experts there added muscles and skin. They used computers. They followed rules about how faces look. Then, they added color. This was tricky. What shade of skin? What eye color? They looked at people in Tamil Nadu today. But this started talks online. People argued about race and history.
In India, there is a divide between north and south. Some say everything started in the north with Aryans. Others say Dravidian in the south were first. The faces show we are all mixed. Professor Kumaresan says, “We are more diverse than we think. DNA proves it.”
This is not the first time for such work. In 2019, faces were made from skulls in Rakhigarhi. That is an Indus Valley site. But those were just sketches. No color. Caroline Wilkinson from Face Lab says faces help us connect. We see them as people, not just old things.
At the university, they study Keeladi like the Indus Valley. They found people farmed and traded. They had cows, goats, and pigs. They ate rice and millets. Even dates, which are not common there now.
The hard part is getting good DNA. Bones are bad. But they hope to make a gene library. This will open doors to the past.
Moreover, Keeladi is special. It is on the Vaigai River. Digs started in 2015. They found over 7,500 things. Like pots with writing. This writing is Tamil-Brahmi. It links to old poems from Sangam time.
The site covers 100 acres. It had walls and drains. People made beads and tools. They traded with Rome maybe. Carbon dates say it is from 6th century BC.
But there is fight. Some say it is not as old as Indus Valley. Indus started 5,000 years ago. Keeladi is younger. Yet, it shows south had cities too. Not just north.
A study says marks on pots look like Indus signs. 60% match. This links north and south.
In 2024, they found old pipes. Made of clay. For water. 2,600 years old. This shows they knew how to manage water.
DNA work goes on. They team with Harvard. To study bones from Keeladi and others.
The faces are a step. They make history real. We see eyes and smiles from long ago.
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Now, let’s look at data. Here is a timeline of ancient Indian civilizations. It shows key times.
Timeline Graph:
- 50,000 BCE: Early humans in India.
- 7000 BCE: Farming starts.
- 3300 BCE: Indus Valley begins. Cities like Harappa.
- 1500 BCE: Indus ends. Vedic time starts.
- 600 BCE: Keeladi city. Urban in south.
- 200 BCE: End of Sangam age.
This graph is a line. It goes from left to right. Marks show years. Bars show how long each lasted. Indus is long bar from 3300 to 1500 BCE. Keeladi is shorter, around 600 BCE.
You can see it on mobile or computer. It fits screens.
Comparison Table:
| Civilization | Time | Place | Key Features |
|————–|——|——-|————–|
| Indus Valley | 3300-1300 BCE | North-West | Planned cities, seals, no writing decoded |
| Keeladi | 600 BCE – 300 CE | South | Brick houses, Tamil writing, trade |
Both had cities. But Keeladi had urn burials. Indus had baths.
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